Efecto de la competencia emocional y satisfacción del cuidado otorgado en la sobrecarga de abuelas cuidadoras / Effect of emotional competence and satisfaction with the care provided on the burden of grandmothers caring

Objetivo principal: determinar el efecto de las competenciales emocionales y satisfacción del cuidado otorgado sobre la sobrecarga en abuelas cuidadoras de nietos. Metodología: Diseño analítico, transversal, muestreo no probabilístico, se aplicó cédula de perfil de la abuela cuidadora, escala de competencia emocional de la abuela, subescala de satisfacción con el cuidado otorgado y escala de Zarit versión corta validad en cuidadoras de niños. Análisis con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados principales: Muestra de 172 abuelas, en su mayoría son casadas, en etapa de prevejez y cuidan por cuestiones laborales del hijo. Se encontró que a mayor competencia emocional y satisfacción con el cuidado otorgado es menor la sobrecarga y es explicada en un 33,1%. Conclusión principal: La sobrecarga de ser abuela cuidadora de nietos es influida por las competencias emocionales y satisfacción con el rol, estos resultados visibilizan como un problema de salud pública que se ha observado con frecuencia.(AU)

Objective: determine the effect of emotional competencies and the satisfaction of the care provided on the burden in grandmothers caring for grandchildren. Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional design, non-probabilistic sampling, the grandmother's caregiver profile card, the grandmother's emotional competence scale, the subscale of satisfaction with the care provided, and the Zarit scale, short version validated in child caregivers, were applied. Analysis with descriptive statistics and inference. Results: Sample of 172 grandmothers, most of them are married, in pre-old age and take care of their son's labor issues. It was found that the greater the emotional competence and satisfaction with the care provided, the less the burden is, and it is explained by 33.1%. Conclusions: The overload of being a grandmother caring for grandchildren is influenced by emotional competencies and satisfaction with the role; these results make visible as a public health problem that has been frequently observed.(AU)

Loneliness, Anxiety, Depression, and Adoption of the Role of Caregiver of Older Adults with Chronic Diseases during COVID-19 / Soledad, ansiedad, depresión y adopción del rol de cuidador de adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica durante la covid-19 / Solidão, ansiedade, depressão e adoção do papel de cuidador de idosos com doença crônica durante a COVID-19

Objective: To determine the effect of loneliness, anxiety, and depression on adopting the role of caregiver of older adults with chronic conditions in a sample of Mexican caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and method: Predictive and correlational design. The study was conducted with 157 caregivers through the dyad characterization scale, the HADS scale, the UCLA scale, and the Caregiver role adoption scale. The analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most participants were female, with a mean care time of seven months. Mostly, the caregivers have anxiety as a clinical problem (27 %), doubtful depression (14.9 %), profound loneliness (66.2 %), and satisfactory adoption of the role (71.2 %). We found that the more significant the role of adoption, the lower the anxiety, depression, and loneliness levels (p < .05). The psychosocial factors, the age of the person cared for, the age of the informal caregiver, and the care time explained 36 % of the variance in role adoption (F = 13.12; p < .01), with loneliness as a predictive variable. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the caregivers' mental health and caused profound loneliness, the latter being a predictor for adopting the role.

Objetivo: determinar el efecto de la soledad, la ansiedad y la depresión sobre la adopción del rol cuidador de adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica en una muestra de cuidadores mexicanos durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Materiales y método: diseño correlacional predictivo. Se realizó el estudio en 157 cuidadores mediante la encuesta de caracterización de la diada, escala HADS, escala UCLA y escala adopción del cuidador. El análisis fue con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres, con un tiempo medio de cuidados de siete meses. Los cuidadores en su mayoría tienen ansiedad como problema clínico en un 27 %, depresión dudosa con un 14,9 %, soledad severa con un 66,2 % y adopción satisfactoria del rol en el 71,2 %. Se encontró que a mayor adopción del rol, menor ansiedad, depresión y soledad (p < 0,05). Los factores psicosociales, la edad de la persona receptora de cuidado, la edad del cuidador informal y el tiempo de cuidado explicaron un 36 % de la varianza de la adopción del rol (F = 13,12; p < 0,01), siendo variable predictora la soledad. Conclusión: la pandemia de la covid-19 ha ocasionado un impacto en la salud mental y la soledad severa de los cuidadores, siendo esta última un predictor de la adopción del cuidador.

Objetivo: determinar o efeito da solidão, ansiedade e depressão na adoção do papel de cuidador de idosos com doença crônica em uma amostra de cuidadores mexicanos durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Material e método: desenho correlacional preditivo. O estudo foi realizado com 157 cuidadores utilizando a pesquisa de caracterização da díade, a escala HADS, a escala UCLA e a escala de Adoção do papel de cuidador. A análise realizou-se com estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino, sendo o tempo médio de atendimento de sete meses. A maioria dos cuidadores apresentou ansiedade como problema clínico (27 %), depressão duvidosa (14,9 %), solidão severa (66,2 %) e adoção satisfatória do papel (71,2 %). Constatou-se que quanto maior a adoção do papel, menor o índice de ansiedade, depressão e solidão (p < 0,05). Os fatores psicossociais, a idade da pessoa que recebe os cuidados, a idade do cuidador informal e o tempo de cuidado explicaram 36 % da variância na adoção do papel (F = 13,12; p < 0,01), sendo a solidão variável preditora. Conclusão: a pandemia da COVID-19 tem impactado a saúde mental e a solidão severa dos cuidadores, sendo esta última uma variável preditora da adoção do papel de cuidador.

Propiedades psicométricas del Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire en personas mayores / Psychometric properties of the Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire in elderly people

Antecedentes y objetivo: En México las disfunciones sexuales son un problema relevante, siendo la depresión y la edad los principales predisponentes. Por ello se considera necesario contar con instrumentos de evaluación validados en población mayor mexicana. El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas del Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) en dicha población.Materiales y métodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta de 634 personas mayores del noreste de México seleccionadas mediante procedimiento no probabilístico. Se utilizaron como mediciones el MGH-SFQ y la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos.Resultados: Se confirma la estructura unifactorial del MGH-SFQ en varones y en mujeres mayores (RMSEA=0,04; CFI=0,92; RMSEA=0,03; CFI=0,95), presentando fiabilidad de consistencia interna adecuada y adecuadas evidencias de validez de sus medidas, al asociarse de manera significativa con la edad y la depresión.Conclusiones: El MGH-SFQ es un cuestionario que proporciona medidas fiables y válidas del funcionamiento sexual en varones y mujeres mayores mexicanos. (AU)

Aim and background: In Mexico sexual dysfunctions are a relevant problem, depression and age are the main predisposing factors. Whereby it is necessary to considerate to have valid evaluation instruments in Mexican population. The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) in that population.Materials and methods: The sample was 634 Northeast Mexican elderly, selected by a non-probabilistic procedure. The MGH-SFQ and the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies were used as measurements.Results: The unifactorial structure is confirmed in elderly men and woman (RMSEA=.04; CFI=.92; RMSEA=.03; CFI=.95) shows adequate internal consistency reliability and adequate validity evidence of its measures.Conclusions: The MGH-SFQ is a questionnaire that provides reliable and valid measures of sexual functioning in Mexican elderly men and woman. (AU)

Adherencia al procedimiento de diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria y limitaciones de cuidado de adultos mayores o sus cuidadores / Adherence to the ambulatory peritoneal dialysis procedure and limitations of care of older adults or their caregivers

Antecedentes: La diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria (DPCA) es una técnica adecuada para los adultos mayores y su éxito se basa principalmente en la correcta técnica de intercambio. Sin embargo, los individuos pueden presentar barreras para su adherencia, debido al deterioro de la función física y cognitiva, depresión y prevalencia de deficiencias visuales. Objetivo y metodología: Se realizó un estudio correlacional descriptivo, para determinar la relación entre la adherencia al procedimiento de diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria y las limitaciones de cuidado de adultos mayores con insuficiencia renal crónica o sus cuidadores. Se seleccionaron por conveniencia a 54 participantes de dos instituciones, se les realizó una visita domiciliaria en tiempos de recambio y se aplicó una cédula de variables sociodemográficas. Se incluyeron datos como días de entrenamiento, tiempo de realizar el procedimiento y cantidad de visitas domiciliarias que han recibido. La adherencia al procedimiento se evaluó con una lista de cotejo con los pasos realizados correctamente en la técnica de diálisis con equipo de bolsa gemela Ultra Bag® de Baxter. Para la medición de las limitaciones de cuidado, se evaluaron la agudeza visual cercana con la cartilla equivalente de Jeager, los campos visuales con la prueba de campos visuales por confrontación, la destreza y agudeza sensorial manual con la prueba Pick-Up de Moberg, la función cognitiva mediante la mini-mental state examination (MMSE) de Folstein y síntomas depresivos a través de del instrumento CES-D20. Resultados y conclusiones: En la adherencia al procedimiento, los participantes realizaron correctamente un promedio 23,42 (DE ± 5,54) pasos, lo que corresponde al 71,72% de la técnica.(AU)

Background: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis is an appropriate technique for older adults and its success is mainly based on the correct exchange technique. However, individuals may present barriers to compliance, due to deterioration of physical and cognitive function, depression, and prevalence of visual impairments. Objective and methodology: A descriptive correlational study was conducted to determine the relationship between adherence to the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis procedure and the limitations of care for older adults with chronic renal failure or their caregivers. For convenience, 54 participants from two institutions were selected. A home visit was made at exchange times and a certificate of sociodemographic variables was applied, data such as training days, time of performing the procedure and number of home visits they received were included. Adherence to the procedure was evaluated with a checklist of correctly performed steps in the dialysis technique with Ultra Bag® twin bag equipment (from Baxter). To measure care limitations, we evaluated near visual acuity with Jaeger's equivalent primer, visual fields with the confrontational visual field test, manual sensory dexterity and acuity with Moberg's Pick-Up test, cognitive function using Folstein's MMSE, and depressive symptoms using the CES-D20 instrument. Results and conclusions: In adherence to the procedure, participants correctly performed an average of 23.42 (SD ± 5.54) steps, which corresponds to 71.72% of the technique. Regarding care limitations, 55.6% presented impaired near visual acuity, 29.6% visual field deficit, 33.3% impaired manual dexterity, 14.8% alteration in manual sensory acuity, 46.3% possible impairment of cognitive function, and 18.5% depressive symptomatology.(AU)

Adherence to the ambulatory peritoneal dialysis procedure and limitations of care of older adults or their caregivers.

BACKGROUND: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis is an appropriate technique for older adults and its success is mainly based on the correct exchange technique. However, individuals may present barriers to compliance, due to deterioration of physical and cognitive function, depression, and prevalence of visual impairments. OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY: A descriptive correlational study was conducted to determine the relationship between adherence to the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis procedure and the limitations of care for older adults with chronic renal failure or their caregivers. For convenience, 54 participants from two institutions were selected. A home visit was made at exchange times and a certificate of sociodemographic variables was applied, data such as training days, time of performing the procedure and number of home visits they received were included. Adherence to the procedure was evaluated with a checklist of correctly performed steps in the dialysis technique with Ultra Bag® twin bag equipment (from Baxter). To measure care limitations, we evaluated near visual acuity with Jaeger's equivalent primer, visual fields with the confrontational visual field test, manual sensory dexterity and acuity with Moberg's Pick-Up test, cognitive function using Folstein's MMSE, and depressive symptoms using the CES-D20 instrument. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In adherence to the procedure, participants correctly performed an average of 23.42 (SD ± 5.54) steps, which corresponds to 71.72% of the technique. Regarding care limitations, 55.6% presented impaired near visual acuity, 29.6% visual field deficit, 33.3% impaired manual dexterity, 14.8% alteration in manual sensory acuity, 46.3% possible impairment of cognitive function, and 18.5% depressive symptomatology. Participants with greater adherence to the CAPD procedure had better dexterity in the dominant (p = 0.010) and non-dominant (p = 0.010) hand, better sensory acuity of the non-dominant hand (p = 0.023), and greater cognitive function (p = 0.044). It is concluded that the care limitations (manual dexterity, manual sensory acuity, and cognitive function) are related to adherence to the dialytic procedure.

Influencia de la incertidumbre sexual de estudiantes de enfermería sobre las actitudes sexuales en la vejez

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la incertidumbre sexual de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre las actitudes sexuales en la vejez. Materiales y métodos: Estudio correlacional-predictivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 222 participantes, determinada mediante un muestreo a conveniencia en estudiantes de enfermería de dos universidades privadas de Mérida, Yucatán. Se aplicó una cédula de datos, la escala de incertidumbre sexual y de actitudes hacia la sexualidad en la vejez. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, correlación de spearman y modelos de regresión. Se consideraron los aspectos éticos para su aplicación. Resultados: La muestra en su mayoría estuvo constituida por mujeres (68.5 %), una media de edad de 20.79 (DE=2.99). Se encontró relación de la incertidumbre sexual con las actitudes hacia la sexualidad en la vejez (r=-0.224, p<0.05); por otra parte, la incertidumbre sexual disminuye en .33 las actitudes sexuales hacia la vejez en los estudiantes de enfermería. El modelo indica que la edad, sexo e incertidumbre influyen en 7.9 % sobre las actitudes sexuales. Conclusión: Se halló que la incertidumbre sexual influye en las actitudes hacia la sexualidad en la vejez en los estudiantes de enfermería debido a los probables prejuicios que se tiene a este grupo etario. Se requiere abordar temas de sexualidad en ellos mismos y en el adulto mayor para cambiar esta perspectiva.

Objective: Determine the Influence of the sexual uncertainty of nursing students on sexual attitudes in old age. Method: Correlational-predictive study, the sample consisted of 222 participants, determined through a convenience sampling in nursing students from two private universities in Mérida, Yucatán. A data card, the scale of sexual uncertainty and sexual attitudes towards old age was applied. Descriptive statistics, spearman correlation and regression models were performed. Ethical aspects were considered for its application. Results: The majority of the sample was made up of 68.5% women, a mean age of 20.79 (SD = 2.99). A relationship was found between sexual uncertainty and attitudes towards sexuality in old age (r = -0.224, p <0.05), on the other hand, sexual uncertainty decreases by .33 sexual attitudes towards old age in nursing students. The model indicates that age, sex and uncertainty influence 7.9 % on sexual attitudes. Conclusión: It was found that sexual uncertainty influences attitudes towards sexuality in the elderly in nursing students due to the probable prejudices that this age group has, it is necessary to address issues of sexuality in themselves and in the elderly to change this perspective.

[Psychometric properties of the Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire in elderly people]. / Propiedades psicométricas del Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire en personas mayores.

AIM AND BACKGROUND: In Mexico sexual dysfunctions are a relevant problem, depression and age are the main predisposing factors. Whereby it is necessary to considerate to have valid evaluation instruments in Mexican population. The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) in that population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample was 634 Northeast Mexican elderly, selected by a non-probabilistic procedure. The MGH-SFQ and the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies were used as measurements. RESULTS: The unifactorial structure is confirmed in elderly men and woman (RMSEA=.04; CFI=.92; RMSEA=.03; CFI=.95) shows adequate internal consistency reliability and adequate validity evidence of its measures. CONCLUSIONS: The MGH-SFQ is a questionnaire that provides reliable and valid measures of sexual functioning in Mexican elderly men and woman.

Actitud hacia la vejez como factor predictor de las actitudes hacia la sexualidad del adulto mayor en población mexicana / Attitude towards old age as a predictor of attitudes towards sexuality of the elderly in the Mexican population

Objetivo principal: determinar el efecto de la actitud que presentan los adultos mexicanos respecto a la vejez y a la sexualidad del adulto mayor. Metodología: Estudio correlacional-predictivo y transversal. La muestra incluyó 364 adultos entre 18 y 59 años del Estado de Coahuila de Zaragoza, México. Se aplicaron el cuestionario de actitudes a la vejez y la escala de actitudes hacia la sexualidad del adulto mayor. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron análisis descriptivos e inferencial. Resultados principales: mayor actitud negativa hacia la vejez, menor actitud favorable hacia la sexualidad en la vejez, además, la actitud de los adultos mexicanos hacia la vejez es un factor predictor que influye negativamente en un 11,8 % sobre las actitudes hacia la sexualidad en la vejez. Conclusión principal: las actitudes hacia la vejez son un factor predictor de la actitud hacia la sexualidad del adulto mayor, es decir son un factor importante para no estigmatizar el proceso de envejecimiento.(AU)

Objective: determine the effect of the attitude towards old age on the attitude towards sexuality of the elderly in Mexican adults. Methods: Correlational-predictive and cross-sectional study. The sample included 364 adults between 18 and 59 years of age from Coahuila State of Zaragoza, Mexico. The scales of attitudes toward older adult sexuality and the questionnaire of attitudes toward old age were applied. Statistical analyzes included descriptive and inferential analyzes. Results: greater negative attitude toward old age, less favorable attitude toward sexuality in old age, besides that attitude toward old age is a predictor that negatively influences attitudes toward sexuality in old age of mexican adults in 11,8 %. Conclusions: attitudes towards old age is a predictor of the attitude towards sexual-ity of the elderly, that is, it is an important factor in not stigmatizing the aging process.(AU)

Ansiedad, depresión y soledad en cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica / Anxiety, depression and loneliness in caregivers of people with chronic illness

Objetivo principal: Determinar la relación entre ansiedad, depresión y soledad en cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores con enfermedades crónicas. Metodología: Diseño descriptivo correlacional. Se utilizó la Escala hospitalaria de ansiedad y depresión (α=.83) y la escala de Soledad (α=.95). Se hizo un cálculo de tamaño de muestra con programa G-Power 3.1.9.7 y se aplicó un muestreo a conveniencia. Se analizó con estadística descriptiva e inferencial, como Pearson y chi2. Resultados principales: Participaron 178 cuidadores familiares con una m de 45 años. Se encontró relación de la edad con la percepción de soledad (r=-.200) y el tiempo del cuidado con la puntuación de depresión (r=-.199) y ansiedad (r=-.179). Conclusión principal: Se encontró que, a mayor edad del cuidador, mayor es la percepción de soledad, y a mayor tiempo de cuidado, menor es la depresión y ansiedad, permitiendo implementar futuros programas de atención para mejorar la calidad de vida de los cuidadores.(AU)

Objective: To determine the relationship between anxiety, depression and loneliness in family caregivers of older adults with chronic diseases. Methodology: Correlational descriptive design. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (α=.83) and the Loneliness Scale (α=.95) were used. A sample size calculation was made with the G-Power 3.1.9.7 program and a convenience sample was applied. It was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics, such as Pearson and chi2. Main results: 178 family caregivers with an M of 45 years participated. A relationship was found between age and perception of loneliness (r=-.200) and care time with depression (r=-.199) and anxiety (r=-.179) scores. Main conclusion: It was found that, the older the caregiver, the greater the perception of loneliness and the longer the care time, the lower the depression and anxiety, allowing the implementation of future care programs to improve the quality of life of caregivers.(AU)

Sarcopenia como factor predictor de dependencia y funcionalidad en adultos mayores mexicanos / Sarcopenia as a predictor of dependency and functionality in older Mexican adults México

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la sarcopenia en la funcionalidad de Adultos Mayores Mexicanos. Método: diseño correlacional-predictivo. Muestra: 316 adultos mayores que asistieron al centro de actividades artísticas y deportivas. Instrumentos: cédula de datos sociodemográficos-clínicos, SARC-F, índice de Barthel y escala de Lawton. Resultados: La sarcopenia tiene impacto negativo sobre las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria e influye en mayor porcentaje en las básicas convirtiéndola en variable predictora explicando un 34% las actividades de la vidia diaria y un 22% las instrumentales. Conclusiones: La sarcopenia es una variable predictora para las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria. Los resultados presentados plantean bases para futuras intervenciones multidisciplinarias para disminuir el riesgo de sarcopenia y complicaciones en quienes la padecen. Es necesario adoptar estrategias de valoración de individuos con sarcopenia o en riesgo de desarrollarla, a través de consultas en el primer nivel de atención, para prevenirla.(AU)

Objective: To determine the influence of sarcopenia on the functionality of Mexican Older Adults. Method: correlational-predictive design. Sample, 316 older adults who attended the center for artistic and sports activities. Sociodemographic-clinical data card instruments, SARC-F, Barthel index and Lawton scale. Results: Sarcopenia has a negative impact on the instrumental activities of daily life and influences a greater percentage in the basic ones, making it a predictor variable, explaining 34% of the activities of daily life and 22% of the instrumental ones. Conclusions. Sarcopenia is a predictor variable for basic and instrumental activities of daily living. The results presented present bases for future multidisciplinary interventions to reduce the risk of sarcopenia and complications in those who suffer from it. It is necessary to adopt assessment strategies for individuals with sarcopenia or at risk of developing it, through consultations at the first level of care for its prevention.(AU)

Polimorfismos genéticos predictores de sarcopenia en adultos mayores: una revisión integrativa / Genetic polymorphism as predictors of sarcopenia in the elderly: an integrative review

Objetivo: Evaluar la evidencia científica de polimorfismos genéticos que predicen la sarcopenia en adultos mayores. Metodología:La revisión se realizó con estudios de los últimos 20 años, mediante la búsqueda sistemática en la base de datos de PubMed, Scopus, CONRYCYT y Web of Science. Los descriptores de búsqueda fueron con los términos “elderly”, “aged”, “sarcopenia”, “polymorphism”, “genetic”. Se incluyeron artículos a texto completo en inglés, con diseño correlacional predictivo o ajustes de modelo, con resultados que indicaran predicción de sarcopenia en adultos mayores. Se utilizó la plataforma FLC 3.0 para evaluar la calidad del estudio. Resultado: Cinco artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, hallándose una prevalencia media de sarcopenia del 26,44%; los polimorfismos encontrados que predicen dicha condición son el VDR/FokI alelo FF, ACTN3 alelo XX, CAV1/G14713A y ACE I/D alelo II. Conclusiones: La susceptibilidad genética es un factor que predice la presencia de sarcopenia, cuya alteración ocasiona un impacto en la musculatura y capacidad funcional del adulto mayor (AU)

Objective: Evaluate the scientific evidence of genetic polymorphisms that predict sarcopenia in elderly. Methods: The review was carried out through a systematic research of a 20 year span studies in PubMed, Scopus, CONRICYT and Web of Science databases. The descriptor search included the terms elderly, aged, sarcopenia, polymorphism, genetic. The articles included full english texts, designed from a predictive, correlational approach or adjustments in the model including results that could indicate prediction of sarcopenia in the elderly. FLC 3.0 platform was used to assess the quality of this research study. Results: After the review, 5 articles meet the inclusion criteria by finding the sarcopenia median prevalence of 26.44% and the polymorphisms VDR/FokI alelo FF, ACTN3 alelo XX, CAV1/ G14713A y ACE I/D alelo II, as the predictors related to this condition. Conclusion: The genetic susceptibility is a factor that predicts the presence of Sarcopenia, which causes a main impact in the skeletal muscle and functional decline in adults (AU)

Costo humano oculto en la experiencia vivida de un cuidador de adulto mayor con alzhéimer / Human Cost Hidden in Caregiver Life Experience of an Alzheimer's Elderly

Introducción: El ser cuidador de un paciente crónico con alzhéimer aumenta el riesgo de repercutir en la calidad de vida. Lo anterior se puede observar con el costo humano oculto: las implicaciones negativas en lo social, salud emocional, salud física y problemas económicos que conlleva a ser cuidador informal. Objetivo: Explorar el fenómeno de costo humano oculto de la experiencia de vida de un cuidador informal de adulto mayor con alzhéimer. Métodos: Estudio de caso de aproximación fenomenológica. Se aplicó entrevista semiestructurada con una pregunta generadora y cinco para profundizar en el fenómeno del cuidar a un adulto mayor con alzhéimer grave. Se analizaron datos de forma artesanal. El rigor científico utilizado fue la credibilidad y auditabilidad. Resultados: El participante fue un hombre de 53 años, cuidador desde hace siete años de una adulta mayor con alzhéimer. De la experiencia de vida emergieron una metacategoría, y dos categorías. La primera categoría fue el costo humano oculto en el cuidador, que consiste en el impacto de cuidar en sus relaciones sociales, sobrecarga y dificultad económica, la segunda fue el afrontamiento implementado por el cuidador a través de actividades recreativas, religión y recordar la razón del cuidado. Conclusiones: El conocer el costo humano oculto de ser cuidador permitirá proporcionar evidencias para establecer futuras intervenciones y atender a las necesidades para el cuidado biológico, psicológico, social y espiritual de este grupo vulnerable(AU)

Introduction: Being the caregiver of a chronic patient with Alzheimer's increases the risk of affecting the quality of life. The hidden human cost is seen in the negative implications in social, emotional health, physical health and economic problems that lead to being an informal caregiver. Objective: To explore the phenomenon of hidden human cost of the life experience of an informal caregiver of the elderly with Alzheimer's. Methods: We report a case study of phenomenological approach. We carried out a semi-structured interview with one generating question and five to delve into the phenomenon of caring for an older adult with severe Alzheimer's. Data were analyzed in an artisanal way. The scientific rigor used was credibility and auditability. Results: The participant was a 53-year-old man, who was a caregiver for an older adult with Alzheimer's disease for seven years. From life experience, a meta-category and two categories emerged. The first category was the hidden human cost in the caregiver, consisting of the caring impact on his social relationships, overload and economic difficulty. The second was the coping implemented by the caregiver through recreational activities, religion and remembering the reason for caring. Conclusions: Knowing the hidden human cost of being a caregiver will provide evidence to establish future interventions and to meet the needs for biological, psychological, social and spiritual care of this vulnerable group(AU)

Percepción de la vejez y la persona adulta mayor en niños del sur de México / Perceptions of elderly and old age in children from southern Mexico

Objetivo principal: Explorar las percepciones la vejez y las personas adultas mayores en niños través de la expresión verbal y pictográfica. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a 23 niños entre 6 a 11 años dividido en tres grupos focales, posteriormente se solicitó la realización de un dibujo sobre la percepción al adulto mayor, el análisis de ambas técnicas fue descriptivo. Resultados principales: Los participantes percibieron al adulto mayor con características físicas como la presencia de canas, piel arrugada y uso de auxiliares de marcha, sin embargo, no se perciben en un futuro con limitaciones funcionales. Se identificaron tres categorías: a) la visión del inicio de la vejez, b) la imagen social de la persona adulta mayor c) percepción del rol y la convivencia con la persona adulta mayor. Conclusión principal: Se encontraron percepciones positivas y negativas de los niños hacia el adulto mayor y vejez que pueden influir en su envejecimiento exitoso. (AU)

Objective: Explore the perceptions of children about elderly and old age through verbal expression and pictographic. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory study. A semi-structured interview was carried out with 23 children between 6 and 11 years, divided into three focus groups. Later, a drawing was requested about the perception of the elderly, the analysis of both techniques was descriptive. Results: The participants perceived the elderly with physical characteristics such as the presence of gray hair, wrinkled skin and the use of gait aids, however, they are not perceived in the future with functional limitations. Three categories were identified: a) the vision of the beginning of elderly, b) the social image of the elderly c) perception of the role and coexistence with the elderly. Conclusions: Positive and negative perceptions were found about the interpretation, the thought of reality and their social knowledge of children towards the elderly and can influence their successful aging. (AU)

Depressive Symptoms are Associated with low Serotonin Levels in Plasma but are not 5-HTTLPR Genotype Dependent in Older Adults.

Depressive symptoms are diagnosed by physicians using scales but their pathophysiology is unclear. Low serotonin (5-HT) levels play an important role in depression, and the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) is an important regulator of plasma serotonin levels and reuptake. Additionally, the 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) is associated with depression. The aim was to clarify the roles of plasma serotonin levels in plasma and the 5HTTPLR polymorphism in depressive symptoms in older adults. A total of 84 older adult participants were evaluated. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale of 20 items (CESD-20). The plasma serotonin levels were determined by ELISA, and the 5-HTTLPR genotype was analyzed by PCR. Depressive symptoms were present in 39.3% (N = 33) of the participants. The median plasma serotonin level was 204.34 ng/mL (SD = 93.88). A significant correlation was found between the CESD-20 scale and plasma serotonin levels (r = -.256; p = .019). Low serotonin levels were associated with the presence of depressive symptoms (p = .001). The 5-HTTLPR analysis showed that of the 84 older adults, 35.7% had the SS genotype, 10.7% had the LL genotype, and 53.6% were heterozygous. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was not associated with depressive symptoms (p = .587) and plasma serotonin levels (p = 0.391). Depressive symptoms correlate with low serotonin levels in plasma, but not with the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in older Mexican adults.

Análisis confirmatorio de la Escala de Autoevaluación Breve de Bienestar y Autonomía en Adultos Mayores de Coahuila y Yucatán, México / Confirmatory Analysis of the Short Self-Assessment of Wellbeing and Autonomy Scale in Older Adults in Coahuila and Yucatán, Mexico

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio de la Escala de Bienestar y Autonomía específica para adultos mayores en dos muestras mexicanas, lo que permitió determinar la validez del constructo medido. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, transversal con alcances explicativos. Se analizó una muestra incidental de 895 adultos mayores, de los cuales 59.8 % eran habitantes de la ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila, México y 40.2 % de Tizimín, Yucatán, México. Se utilizó la Escala de Autoevaluación Breve de Bienestar y Autonomía para Adultos Mayores. Se procesó el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, Paralelo y Confirmatorio con el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados, además de obtener la confiabilidad y los estadísticos descriptivos de las dimensiones. La estructura que se identificó presentó indicadores de ajuste estadístico adecuado. Originalmente, la estructura consideraba dos dimensiones: la autonomía y el bienestar, sin embargo, los resultados mostraron la separación en tres dimensiones de la medición de bienestar.

Abstract The objective of this work was to carry out a Confirmatory Factorial Analysis of the Scale of Wellbeing and Specific Autonomy for Older Adults in two Mexican samples, which allowed to establish the validity of the measured construct. A quantitative, transversal design with explanatory scopes was used. An incidental sample of 895 aging adults was obtained, from which 59.8% were inhabitants of the Saltillo city, Coahuila, Mexico, and 40.2%, of Tizimín city, Yucatán, Mexico. We used the Short SelfAssessment of Wellbeing and Autonomy for Older Adults. The Exploratory, Parallel and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was processed with the Generalized Least Squares Method, in addition to obtaining the reliability and descriptive statistics of dimensions. The identified structure showed adequate statistical adjustment indicators. Initially, the structure considered two dimensions: autonomy and wellbeing; however, the results showed the separation in three dimensions of the wellbeing measurement.

Desempeño físico y condiciones crónicas padecidas en adultos mayores, México / Physical performance and chronic conditions suffered in older adults, Mexico

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las condiciones crónicas aumentan con la vejez y con ello el impacto en el desempeño físico, entendiéndose como la capacidad del desarrollo de movimientos como la marcha, fuerza de extremidades, flexibilidad y equilibrio. OBJETIVO: determinar la relación entre el desempeño físico con las condiciones crónicas padecidas en el Adulto Mayor (AM). MÉTODO: descriptivo, correlacional, transversal, con una muestra de 124 adultos mayores. Se aplicó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, así como la prueba corta de desempeño físico (SPPB), posteriormente se analizó con estadística descriptiva e inferencial con SPPS V 22. RESULTADOS: La muestra estuvo constituida por 71,8% de mujeres y 28,2% hombres; la edad media fue de 69,44 años, así mismo el 14,51% solo padecen DT2, el 42,74% HTA y el 13,7% tiene ambas patologías. En el desempeño físico se obtuvo una puntuación x=9,16 y una DE=2,10, teniendo un desempeño deficiente en el 20,2%. Se halló correlación negativa entre la cantidad de puntos obtenidos del SPPB con edad (r=-0,331, p=0,000), años de diagnóstico de HTA (r=-0,217 p=0,015) y cantidad de patologías (r=-0,218, p=0,015), CONCLUSIÓN: las enfermedades crónicas disminuyen gradualmente la media de los componentes del desempeño físico, por lo que permite establecer evidencia para la elaboración de programas que mejoren los componentes y evitar discapacidades en el adulto mayor.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic conditions increase with old age and with it the impact on physical performance, understood as the capacity of the development of movements such as walking, limb strength, flexibility and balance. OBJECTIVE: determine the relationship between physical performance and Chronicles conditions suffered in the Elderly. METHOD: descriptive, correlational, transversal, with a sample of 124 older adults. A sociodemographic and clinical data card was applied, as well as the short physical performance test (SPPB), later it was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics with SPPS V 22. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 71.8% of women and 28.2% men, the average age was 69.44 years, as well as 14.51% only have Type 2 Diabetes, 42.74% arterial Hypertension, 13.7% have both diseases. In the physical performance a score of x = 9.16 and an SD = 2.10 was obtained, having a deficient performance in 20.2%. A negative correlation was found between the number of points obtained from SPPB with age (r = -. 331, p = .000), years of diagnosis of arterial hypertension (r = -0.217 p = .015) and number of pathologies (r = -.218, p = .015). CONCLUSION: chronic diseases gradually reduce the average of the components of physical performance, thus allowing to establish evidence for the development of programs that improve the components and avoid disabilities in the elderly.

Conocimiento teórico y apego al procedimiento de diálisis peritoneal del paciente o su familiar / Theoretical knowledge and adherence to peritoneal dialysis procedure by the patient or a family member

Introducción: Paciente y familiar deben conocer los conceptos esenciales y poseer habilidades motoras para la realización de diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria, por esto, enfermería brinda educación al paciente y familiar sobre los cuidados de diálisis en el hogar, sin embargo, continúan acudiendo pacientes con alguna complicación al hospital. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento teórico y apego al procedimiento dialítico del paciente o familiar. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. Se efectuó una visita domiciliaria, en donde se aplicaron: una lista de cotejo para evaluar el apego al procedimiento, un cuestionario para evaluar los conocimientos teóricos y una cédula de variables clínicas y sociodemográficas. Participaron 24 sujetos, se dividieron en grupo pacientes (GP), donde los pacientes se auto-realizan el procedimiento y familiar (GF), donde los familiares realizan la técnica. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento teórico en general fue moderado (73.24%), el GP obtuvo un índice más elevado (75.35%) que el GF (71.45%). En la técnica, en general, se adhirieron al 80.3% de los pasos, el GF obtuvo mayor índice correcto (81.92%) que el GP (78.63%). Conclusión: Los pacientes y familiares demuestran un déficit en ambas áreas, por esto, es necesario evaluarlos periódicamente para detectar fallos en la técnica y en el conocimiento, que predispongan al paciente a una complicación prevenible (AU)

Introduction: Patient and family should know the essential concepts and possess motor skills for conducting continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Therefore, education of patient and family about the care of home dialysis is carried out by nurses, however, patients with complications continue going to the hospital. Objective: Determine the level of knowledge and adherence to the dialysis procedure by the patient or a family member. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted. In a home visit the following instruments were applied: a checklist to assess adherence to procedure, a questionnaire to assess the theoretical knowledge and a questionnaire of clinical and sociodemographic variables. They involved 24 subjects. They were divided into patient group (PG), where patients self-perform the procedure and family group (FG), where family carried out the technique. Results: The level of knowledge was generally moderate (73.24%), the PG obtained a higher rate (75.35%) than the FG (71.45%). In general, on the technical knowledge there was an adherence of the 80.3% to the steps, the FG obtained higher correct index (81.92%) than the PG (78.63%). Conclusion: Patients and families show a deficit in both areas, so it is necessary to evaluate them periodically to detect failures in technique and knowledge that predispose the patient to a preventable complication (AU)

Outcomes of interventions for Alzheimer's family caregivers in Mexico.

The study examines which of three interventions of cognitive conduct, laughter, or a mixed intervention including both cognitive conduct and laughter components, is more effective for improvement of attitudes toward care and reduction of anxiety among female Mexican caregivers of family members with Alzheimer's disease. A repeated measures quasi-experimental design with four groups, three experimental and a control group, was used. All intervention groups received cognitive conduct, laughter, or a mixed intervention weekly for 8 weeks. The control group received information about home accident prevention. Outcome measurements were performed at baseline, Week 4, end of the intervention (Week 8), and 4 weeks following the intervention completion. A repeated measures ANOVA was used for each outcome variable and the Tukey's post hoc analysis to determine group differences. Results suggest that the cognitive conduct component significantly improved positive attitudes toward care and reduced anxiety both at the end of the intervention and at follow-up.

Sobrepeso, obesidad y dislipidemias en población universitaria del noreste de México / Overweight, obesity, and dyslipidemias at a mexican northeastern university population / Sobrepeso, obesidade e dislipidemias em população universitária do nordeste de México

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y dislipidemias en la población universitaria del noreste de México. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se hizo muestreo aleatorio estratificado con asignación proporcional de 292 personas. Se tomaron muestras sanguíneas para determinación del colesterol total, las lipoproteínas de baja y alta densidad, se midieron el peso y la talla para cálculo de índice de masa corporal (IMC). Resultados: se encontró una prevalencia total de 31,2% de sobrepeso (45.8% en hombres y 22.4% en mujeres) y 15.1% de obesidad. La prevalencia global de hipercolesterolemia fue de 23.6% (31.4% en hombres y 18.4% en mujeres), y mayor en trabajadores manuales y administrativos (53.8% y 52.8% respectivamente). Las personas IMC por encima de lo normal tienen 2.55 veces el riesgo de dislipidemias, comparadas con las que tienen un peso normal (IC95:1.464.46). Los análisis multivariados mostraron diferencias significativas entre dos de los grupos comparados para las variables: colesterol total, lipoproteínas de alta densidad y triglicéridos; finalmente, el análisis Post Hoc de Tuckey mostró diferencias significativas entre el peso normal y el sobrepeso para colesterol total y las lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad. Conclusión: hay una mayor prevalencia de obesidad en hombres que en mujeres. La asociación entre la obesidad y el colesterol total sugiere un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular.

Objective: to determine the overweight, obesity and dyslipidemias prevalence at a mexican northeastern university population. Methodology: transversal cut descriptive study; stratified randomized sampling was made with proportional assignation of 292 people. Blood samples were taken to determine total cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins, weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Results: a total prevalence of 31,2% overweight was found (45.8% in men and 22.4% in women) and 15.1% of obesity. The hypercholesterolemia global prevalence was of 23.6% (31.4% in men and 18.4% in women) Being higher in manual workers and managers (53.8% and 52.8%, respectively). The peoples BMI above the normal range have 2.55 times the risk of dyslipidemia compared to the ones who have a normal weight (IC95:1.464.46). The multivariate analysis showed significant differences for the variables: total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and triglycerides between the two groups compared; finally the Tuckey Post Hoc analysis showed significant differences in total choleste- rol and high and low density lipoproteins between normal weight and overweight. Conclusions: there is a higher prevalence of obesity in men than in women, the association between obesity and total cholesterol suggests a bigger cardiovascular disease risk.

Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de sobrepeso, obesidade e dislipidemias em população universitária do nordeste de México. Metodologia: estudo descritivo de corte transversal fez-se amostragem aleatória estratificado com atribuição proporcional de 292 pessoas. Tomaram-se mostras sanguíneas para determinação de colesterol total, lipoproteínas de baixa e alta densidade tomaram-se o peso e a talha para cálculo de índice de massa corporal (IMC). Resultados: encontrou-se uma prevalência total de 31,2% de sobrepeso (45.8% em homens e 22.4% em mulheres) e 15.1% de obesidade. A prevalência global de hiper-colesterolemia foi de 23.6% (31.4% em homens e 18.4% em mulheres), sendo maior em trabalhadores manuais e administrativos (53.8% e 52.8%, respectivamente). As pessoas IMC acima do normal têm 2.55 vezes orisco de dislipidemias comparadas com as que têm um peso normal (IC95%:1.46–4.46). As análises multivariadas mostraram diferenças significativas entre duas dos grupos comparados para as variáveis: colesterol total, lipoproteínas de alta densidade e triglicérides; finalmente, a análise Pós Hoc de Tuckey mostrou diferencias significantes entre o peso normal e o sobrepeso para colesterol total e as lipoproteínas de alta e baixa densidade. Conclusão: há uma maior prevalência de obesidade em homens que em mulheres, a associação da obesidade e do colesterol total sugere um maior risco de doença cardiovascular.